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      • Chapter 1 Maths starters
      • Chapter 1 Maths starters

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        This course is meant to give a comfortable and smooth start to your Maths basics, as needed for Physics . 

        Topics explained with colorful images and animations :- 

        1) Graphs of various shapes , and how to find the slope :- a) straight line graph, b) exponential curves, c) Hyperbolic curves.

            Maxima and Minima points for curves. 

        2) Trigonometry :- a) sine, cos and tan. b) example:- sine of a continuously varying angle (as applied for a wave equation)

        3) Integration - why is it so great a concept, how does it help you. 

        4) Differentiation - why is it so great a concept, how does it help you. 

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      • Chapter 2 Units & measurements
      • Chapter 2 Units & measurements

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        1) This course starts with explaining the SI system of Units, the 7 major units corresponding to the 7 Fundamental Quantities in the physical world. 

        2) There are images to show Mass Measurement, different from weight units. 

        3) There is an explanation of Least Count and Parallax error.

        4) There is an animation on Vernier Caliper and how it is useful as a measuring instrument. 

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      • Chapter 3 Motion
      • Chapter 3 Motion

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        This course gives you interesting images and animations to explain clearly a number of things :-

        1) Displacement versus Distance: the difference

        2) Important types of Motion - a) along a Horizontal / Vertical plane , a straight line motion , b) along a plane, but a zigzag motion, c) circular motion, d) Projectile motion.

        3) Projectile Motion or Parabolic Motion :- two animations show parabolic motion :- 

            a) Aircraft dropping a food packet for people 

            b) Basketball throw by an amazing player. 

        In case (a) , the vertical and horizontal velocity vectors are shown changing dynamically at every instant, to help with the concept of Resultant Vector changing dynamically with time, and therefore the Resultant Flight path of the object . The difference between "g" in vertical direction versus no acceleration in horizontal direction is explained, and is the key to understanding projectile motion. 

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      • Chapter 4 Various types of Forces
      • Chapter 4 Various types of Forces

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        Summary covered: 

        1) Gravitational Forces , such as between any two Masses. Bid case studies are heavenly bodies in space. Example- Earth and Sun, Moon and Earth. 

        2) Electromagnetic forces

        3) Nuclear forces. - these act between Protons and Neutrons. Holds a Nucleus of an Atom together.  

        4) The other types of forces are also shown in 3D images and solid models . Example: Hydrostatic forces acting on a body submerged in water.

        5) Electrostatic forces (Coulomb Forces) between electrically charged bodies . 

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      • Chapter 5 Newton’s laws of motion
      • Chapter 5 Newton’s laws of motion

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        This course gives a strong foundation to understand Newton's 3 Laws of Motion , and to apply them in practical problems. 

        1) 1st Law of motion

        2) 2nd Law of motion

        3) 3rd law of motion.

        4) Pseudo forces.

        5) Inertia.

        Understanding "FRAME of Reference" such as Inertial and Non-Inertial is very important. This abstract topic is also covered under the chapter "Rotation" or "Rotational Mechanics". 

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      • Chapter 6 Friction
      • Chapter 6 Friction

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        This course shows animations and images to explain very clearly about Friction, one of the most important fundamental aspect of nature. it is so basic that without friction, we would'nt be able to even walk on any surface.

        The following topics are covered:-

        1) Static friction . [ example:-a Block just starting to slide over a horizontal surface, a Block sliding on an Inclined Plane.]
        2) Kinetic friction. [ example: a block already sliding , a wheel already rotating down a plane.]  

        3) Practical: Laboratory Experiment to measure Friction co-efficient. 

        Solved problems and test questions are included at the end.

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      • chapter 7 Circular motion
      • chapter 7 Circular motion

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        This course makes things very visible and easy to understand the basics of circular motion :-

        1) Angular velocity, and acceleration Vectors :- Animation of a rotating disc as well as animation of a cut-section of the earth rotating is included inside the course to give a solid feel of rotation and vectors . Equations are included, of course. 

        2) What's the difference between Linear Velocity, Acceleration and the Angular velocity and acceleration:- this is explained in animation.

        3) Apparent weight of objects :- due to earth's rotation,  is explained with the help of a rotating 3D model animation. 

        4) Banking of Tracks :- an interesting animation of a fast car moving on an angled track is shown, to strengthen the concept . Equations are of course described.

        an example below:- 

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      • chapter 8 Work and Energy
      • chapter 8 Work and Energy

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        This course explains the following concepts with equations :- 

        1) Work done . example- a alien robot pulls a block over a patch of ground. 

        2) Energy : potential energy and kinetic energy. 

        3) Work-Energy theorem : the definition of Work as rate of change of Kinetic Energy. 

        4) Power : see definition , concepts, and some animation examples like : a) a gear and chain , b) lots of gears in a transmission. 

        5) Spring Force : work done by a spring. 

        6) Difference between Conservative versus non-conservative forces.

        7) Pendulum : Animation shows potential energy getting into kinetic energy and vice versa when it is oscillating.

        8) solved problems are at the end. Test questions are given in a separate section. Use it  to improve your confidence, skill and speed. 

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      • chapter 9 Momentum and collisions
      • chapter 9 Momentum and collisions

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        Summary of topics covered:-

        1. elasticversus in-elastic collisions. See the compressing action of the spheres that collide during impact. This will help you to understand the difference clearly. 
        2. Momentum concept with a moving block and sphere. 
        3. Centre of mass concept.

        Solved problems, and test questions are included at the end. 

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      • chapter 10 Rotation of bodies
      • chapter 10 Rotation of bodies

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        This course explains clearly about several topics that normally can be difficult to grasp. Animations and images of rotating 3D objects with vectors moving , make it much easier to understand.

        1. Angular velocity and angular acceleration. Its comparison with equations for Linear velocity and linear acceleration. Examples with pulleys are shown. 
        2.   Torque concept. Knowing torque about an axis of rotation of the object. 
        3.   Inertia of rotation
        4.   Angular Momentum
        5.   Kinetic Energy formula
        6.   Work Done and Power 
        7.   Moment of Inertia about an axis :- a) for a flat plate, b) for a cylinder, c) for a sphere
        8.   Theorems for Moment of Inertia : a) Parallel axis theorem , b) Perpendicular axis theorem
        9.   Rolling motions :- like a car wheel or Tyre. 

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      • chapter 11 Gravitation
      • chapter 11 Gravitation

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        This fundamental course explains about the gravitational forces that bind us to the planet. Animations and images are included for the earth’s rotation around the sun in orbit, and other examples.

        1. Gravitational pull force between masses, and gravitational constant.  
        2. Gravitational potential energy – a) Work done , b) Energy.
        3. Gravitational Potential
        4. Gravitational Field (F= m.E)
        5. Finding Mass of the Earth
        6. Planetary orbits
        7. Kepler’s laws of planetary motion
        8. Weightlessness
        9. Escape velocity

        Solved problems, and test questions are included at the end. 


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      • chapter 12 Simple Harmonic Motion
      • chapter 12 Simple Harmonic Motion

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        This course is important as many things like springs, even waves follow Simple Harmonic Motion. Animations of springs in different modes, pendulum etc , make it easier to get a real feel for oscillation and periodic motion

        Following topics are covered:

        1. Force , amplitude, time period, frequency
        2. Equation of SHM
        3. SHM for circular motion 
        4. Phase angle
        5. Conservation of Energy during SHM – potential energy and kinetic energy
        6. Angular SHM 
        7. Simple pendulum
        8. Damped harmonic motion
        9. Forced oscillation and resonance

        Solved problems, and test questions are included at the end.


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      • chapter 13 Fluid mechanics
      • chapter 13 Fluid mechanics

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        This course makes it much easier to understand and remember fluid behaviour, both in static condition and in moving condition. Following topics are covered:

        1. Static pressure on a body when it is immersed in a liquid. Animation of a ball gradually brought down into water and taken down to the bottom of a vessel. 
        2. Pascal’s Law
        3. Hydraulic Lift : animation of a heavy car getting lifted by a small weight.
        4. Atmospheric pressure, Barometer
        5. Archimedes principle
        6. Liquid surface during horizontal acceleration
        7. Steady and turbulent flows: flow lines etc.
        8. Bernoulli’s equation and venture tube : animation of flow in pipe with a narrow section.

        Solved problems, and test questions are included at the end.

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      • chapter 14 Material Properties
      • chapter 14 Material Properties

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        This course explains a material's innate properties like Elasticity, Strength, stress, strain etc.

        Following topics are covered: 

        1. Stress and Strain, Elongation: an animation shows stretching of a cylindrical metal rod and how it behaves.
        2. Longitudinal and shear stress and strain
        3. Hooke’s Law, modulus of elasticity
        4. Young’s modulus and Stress-strain graph for a ductile metal wire
        5. Practicals: Experimental setup to find Young’s modulus, etc. An animation is included to explain how it can be done in the Laboratory.
        6. Potential energy stored in the body.
        7. Surface Tension of a liquid
        8. Rise of liquid in a capillary tube
        9. Viscosity
        10. Stokes’ law
        11. Practicals: Experiment to measure Co-efficient of viscosity by Stokes method.

        Solved problems, and test questions are included at the end.

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      • chapter 15 Wave motion
      • chapter 15 Wave motion

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        This course explains aboutwaves and wave equations. Animations show the wave moving and the basics of waves such as amplitude, frequency, velocity. A Sonometer and basic principle of a Laboratory experiment is shown, with equation. 

        Following topics are covered: 

        1. Wave pulse on a string
        2. Reflection and transmission of waves on a string
        3. Standing waves
        4. String fixed at both ends
        5. Fundamental frequency , overtones and Harmonics for string fixed at both ends
        6. String fixed at one end
        7. Sonometer
        8. Law of length, tension, mass
        9. Polarized versus / unpolarized wave.

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      • chapter 16 Sound waves
      • chapter 16 Sound waves

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        This course explains aboutsound waves , how they move. Sound waves are typical and different from other types of waves . Learn about sound velocity, amplitude, frequency , pitch . Animations are included to show the sound wave moving .

        Following topics are covered:

        1. Speed of sound in air, gases, solids medium.
        2. Newton’s formula and Laplace’s correction
        3. Sound velocity equation affected by air pressure, temperature, and atmospheric humidity.
        4. Difference between Loudness and intensity.
        5. Waveform
        6. Interference
        7. Reflection
        8. Standing waves . Frequency in Organ pipes – closed pipe and open pipe.
        9. Practical: Experiment for finding sound velocity in air medium.
        10. Beats.
        11. Doppler effect.

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      • chapter 17 Light and its phenomena
      • chapter 17 Light and its phenomena

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        This course explains about light and how it was proved in Young's Double Slit experiment that light must have wave properties. 

        Following topics are covered:

        1. Nature of Light – is it a wave or particle, or both.
        2. Equation for light wave.
        3. Refractive index
        4. Monochromatic light
        5. Huygen’s principle
        6. Young’s Double slit experiment, fringe width and fringe positions.
        7. Interference from thin films
        8. Coherent and incoherent light
        9. Diffraction of light :- bending around corners.
        10. a) Fraunhofer diffraction, b) Fresnel diffraction.
        11. Polarization of light
        12. Scattering of light

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      • chapter 18 Prisms,Lenses,and Mirrors
      • chapter 18 Prisms,Lenses,and Mirrors

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        This course shows animations and images to describe the reflection and refraction of light.in Mirrors and Lenses. Learn about Mirrors and reflection ,Lenses and refraction.

        Following topics are covered:

          1. Reflection at convex and concave mirrors

          2. Image formation, focal length, equations.

          3. Refraction at plane surface :- critical angle.

          4. Refraction through a Prism

          5. Refractive index and Angle of Minimum deviation.

          6. Refraction through spherical surface.

          7. Refraction through convex and concave Lens :-lensmaker’s formula.

          8. Magnification, and power of lens.

          9. Two thin lenses in line

          10. Blurring :- Monochromatic aberration

          11. Chromatic aberration.

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      • chapter 19 Telescopes and Microscopes
      • chapter 19 Telescopes and Microscopes

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        This course makes it really easy to understand Optical instruments.

        Summary of topics covered:-

        1. Telescopes  RAY DIAGRAMS with animation - a) Astronomical Telescope, b) Terrestrial Telescope

        2. The 3 main types of Astronomical telescopes are explained.

        3. Magnification concept is explained.

        4. Microscope - Simple and Compound 

        5. Equations for Magnification. 

        6 . Difference between Resolving Power and Magnification. 

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      • chapter 20 Dispersion, spectrum
      • chapter 20 Dispersion, spectrum

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        This course explains about Dispersive Power of prism materials.

        Following topics are covered:

        1. Dispersive Power, Angular Dispersion/ divergence of refractive beam of 7 different wavelengths coming out of a prism.
        2. Refractive index changing slightly, depending on wavelength.
        3. Avoiding Dispersion by joining of two prisms.
        4. Spectrum
        5. Types of Spectra: a) emission, b) Absorption.
        6. Ultraviolet and Infrared spectrum.
        7. Spectrometer.
        8. Rainbow.

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      • chapter 21 Speed of light
      • chapter 21 Speed of light

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        This course explains about the great significance of the Speed or Velocity of light, and how scientists found amazing experimental methods to measure this highest speed ever found in the universe.

        See the crystal clear animations , almost a first of its kind, that show you how the light waves move from source to the very end. 

        Following topics are covered:

        1. Fizeau method.
        2. Foucault method.
        3. Michelson method.

        Also included is a video about a calculation of Speed of Light mentioned in The Rig Veda, an extremely ancient Indian sacred Text, said to be more than 7000 years old. Experience the mystery of how this level of top-end calculation was available with mankind at that time..... 

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      • chapter 22 Photometry, luminosity
      • chapter 22 Photometry, luminosity

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        This course explains about the light and other radiation, the brightness /luminosity.

        Following topics are covered:

        1. Luminosity
        2. Luminous efficiency
        3. Inverse square law
        4. Lambert’s Cosine law
        5. Photometers

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      • chapter 23 Heat and temperature
      • chapter 23 Heat and temperature

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        This course explains the basics of temperature and Heat- more appropriately to be called Thermal Heat Transfer, another kind of energy.

        Topics covered are :

        1. thermometers and temperature measurement.
        2. thermal expansion :- co-efficient of expansion.

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      • chapter 24 Kinetic theory of gases
      • chapter 24 Kinetic theory of gases

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        This course explains in detail about behaviour of molecules in a gas. Animations and images are included to show clearly the movements that are helpful to understand things like collisions of molecules against walls of a container and gas pressure .

        Topics covered are:

        1. Assumptions for the movement of molecules. 
        2. Pressure equation of an ideal gas 
        3. Temperature and Kinetic Energy/Internal energy.
        4. Ideal Gas Equation pV=nRT
        5. RMS speed of molecules. Equation for RMS speed.
        6. Equation for a REAL Gas, as opposed to an Ideal Gas.
        7. Brownian motion.
        8. Vapour and evaporation. 
        9. Saturated and Unsaturated vapour pressure.
        10. Dew Point.
        example image of a gas being heated in a closed cylinder, and expanding, creating a force to push out the piston. 


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      • chapter 25 Calorimetry, specific heat
      • chapter 25 Calorimetry, specific heat

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        This course explains the transfer of heat (such as when we heat up a liquid).
        Topics covered are :-  

        1. specific heat, molar heat capacity
        2. practicals: using Calorimeter to find specific heat in a laboratory.
        3. specific Latent Heat of fusion and vapourization
        4. Practical: using Calorimeter to find specific latent heat of fusion for ICE
        5. Mechanical equivalent of Heat (W=JH)
        6. Practical: Searl's Cone Apparatus to measure value of J (mechanical equivalent of heat).
        Solved problems and test questions are included at the end of the course.
        Example below shows a vessel with ice cubes being heated, to observe the temperature of phase changes.
         


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      • chapter 26 Laws of thermodynamics
      • chapter 26 Laws of thermodynamics

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        This is one of the most important aspects of physics, and yet it is one of the difficult concepts to grasp. This course attempts to make it easy. 
        Topics covered are:-

        1. 1st Law of thermodynamics, and sign conventions.
        2. Work done by a gas.- area under the P-V graph.:- a) Isothermal process, b) Isochoric process, c) Isobaric process.
        3. Heat engines, and efficiency equation.
        4. Commonly used engines :- a) Petrol engine, b) Diesel engine. 
        5. 2nd Law of thermodynamics.
        6. reversible and irreversible processes.
        7. Entropy concept. 
        8. Carnot engine, and efficiency.
        9. Refrigerator (heat pump)
        Solved problems and test questions are included at the end.
        Example image of work done under a P-V graph:-


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      • chapter 27 Specific heat of gases
      • chapter 27 Specific heat of gases

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        This course describes the specific heat at constant pressure and at constant volume. 

        Following topics are covered:

        1. Practical: Regnault’s apparatus to find C_p
        2. Joly’s Steam Calorimeter to find C_v
        3. Isothermal and Adiabatic processes.
        4. Reversible Adiabatic process :-p,V,T.
        5. Equipartition theorem for Energy of a gas molecule, and Boltzmann constant.

        Solved problems and test questions are given at the end. 

        Example image of gas molecules internal energy (animation provided inside the course) :


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      • chapter 28 Heat transfer
      • chapter 28 Heat transfer

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        This course describes the types of heat transfer : Conduction, Convection, radiation. . 

        Following topics are covered:

        1. Thermal conductivity of material, and heat flow.
        2. Thermal solid rods connected in series and parallel, thermal resistance.
        3. Convection
        4. Radiation
        5. Prevost theory of exchange (a theory of radiation).
        6. Blackbody radiation
        7. Kirchoff’s Law of radiation
        8. Thermal radiation wave as an electromagnetic wave.

        Solved problems and test questions are given at the end.

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      • chapter 29 Electric field and potential
      • chapter 29 Electric field and potential

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        This subject is difficult usually. This course starts with an image and animation to show electric charges, and goes on to the concept of electric field strength, and electric potential. Just like gravitation, wherever there is a kind of force, there will be energy, so electric potential energy is necessary to understand. 

        Following topics are covered:

        1. Electric charge, units

        2. Coulomb’s Law

        3. Electric field

        4. Lines of electric force

        5. Electric Potential energy

        6. Electric potential

        7. Relation between electric field and potential

        8. Electric dipole

        9. Electric field due to dipole

        10. Torque on a dipole kept in an electric field.

        11. Conductors, Insulators and Semi-conductors.

        12. Electric field inside a conductor.

        Solved problems and test questions are given at the end. 

        A sample image is given below , for a charged sheet :-


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      • chapter 30 Gauss’s Law
      • chapter 30 Gauss’s Law

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        This is one of the difficult(and hated) topics. But students have to be helped to get on top of it. This course makes it easier.  The images/videosstart from scratch and go on to explain a Gaussian surface and how it can be used practically. 

        Following topics are covered:

        1. Flux of electric field through another surface

        2. Gauss’s Law

        3. Flux at a point outside a closed surface

        4. Applying Gauss’s Law to find equation for Electric Field in various situations :- a) charged conductor, b) charged sphere, c) long wire/cylinder, d) plane sheet of charge. e) outside a charged plane conducting sheet.

        5. Comparison: electric field of a charged sphere , with that of a point charge at centre.

        6. Electric potential energy of a charged solid sphere.

        7. Electric potential energy of a charged spherical SHELL.

        8. Earthing.

        Solved problems and test questions are given at the end. 

        A sample image is given below , for a charged sheet :-

        Sample image of Gaussian surface wrapped around an electric field:-


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      • chapter 31 Capacitors
      • chapter 31 Capacitors

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        This is a ‘must do’ course for getting a good hang of electronics and electrical . This course includes interesting animations to explain capacitors , what they are , how they work, and a basic DC circuit. (you can find more on AC electrical circuits fitted with capacitor , in a subsequent course - chapter 39.) Following topics are covered:

         

        1. Capacitor types, use of a dielectric, and Capacitance. 

        2. Capacitor in a simple circuit with a DC battery.Working of a switch.

        3. Charging and discharge graphs.

        4. Capacitor in a AC circuit.

        5. Force between plates of a capacitor.

        6. Energy stored in a capacitor.

        7. Dielectric materials and constant ‘K’.

        8. Van de Graff Generator

        Solved problems and test questions are given at the end. 

        Sample image ofa parallel plate type capacitor in a DC circuit:-


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      • chapter 32 Electric current
      • chapter 32 Electric current

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        This course includes very important things like Ohm’s law and Kirchoff’s Laws for circuits. Interesting animations help to get a feel of resistances, series and parallel circuits, and circuits with junctions .A section on capacitors charging and discharging, is included here too. 

        Following topics are covered:

        1. Current and current density

        2. Ohm’s law

        3. Resistivity, and effect of temperature.

        4. Battery and emf concept.

        5. Electrical Energy 

        6. Kirchoff’s Laws

        7. Resistors, series and parallel circuits.

        8. Grouping of batteries.

        9. Wheatstone bridge.

        10. Ammeter and Voltmeter.

        11. Stretched wire potentiometer.

        12. Capacitors - charging and discharging.

        Solved problems and test questions are given at the end. 

        Sample image of a DC circuit with battery and 2 resistors in parallel :-


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      • chapter 33 Effects of electric current
      • chapter 33 Effects of electric current

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        This chapter talks about the Thermal and Chemical Effects of Electric Current. 

        Following topics are covered:

        1. Joule’s Laws.
        2. Practical: Experiment to verify Joule’s Law.
        3. Seebeck effect.
        4. Thermoelectric series, current flow in cold and hot junctions.
        5. Thermocouples.
        6. Peltier effect.
        7. Thomson effect.
        8. Electrolysis, electrolytic cell.
        9. Faraday’s laws of electrolysis.
        10. Practical: Experiment to verify Faraday’s Laws.
        11. Faraday’s laws and ionic theory.
        12. Faraday constant.
        13. Voltameter.
        14. Primary and secondary cells.
        15. Lead acid cell.

        Solved problems and test questions are given at the end.

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      • chapter 34 Magnetic field
      • chapter 34 Magnetic field

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        Visualising the magnetic lines of force and the field helps in understanding the concept. Images/animationsof charged particles moving in a magnetic field make it enjoyable and less stressful. User-friendly explanationsare givenalong with animations.
        Following topics are covered:

        1. Magnetic field.
        2. Relation between electric and magnetic fields
        3. Motion of charged particle in a ‘uniform’ magnetic field.
        4. Magnetic force on a current carrying wire.
        5. Torque on a wire loop having current flow.

        Solved problems and test questions are given at the end.
        Sample image ofa bar magnet’s field :-

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      • chapter 35 A Current's Magnetic Field
      • chapter 35 A Current's Magnetic Field

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        This course is very important . The course includes visual images and animations of magnetic fields setup around a conductor carrying a current flow. User-friendly explanationsare givenalong with animations.
        Following topics are covered:

        1. Biot-Savart law
        2. Magnetic field for a straight wire with current flowing in it.
        3. Force of attraction/repulsion between 2 parallel wires having current flow.
        4. Magnetic field for a circular wire with current flowing in it.
        5. Ampere’s Law.
        6. Magnetic field at a point outside a straight wire with current.
        7. Solenoid and its magnetic field.

        Solved problems and test questions are given at the end.
        Sample image ofa solenoid’s magnetic field :-

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      • chapter 36 Permanent magnets
      • chapter 36 Permanent magnets

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        This course has some deep concepts, which are normally not very obvious. A number of 3D visual images and animations help to grasp the difficult conceptual part quite easily.
        Following topics are covered:

        1. Magnetic field lines are closed curves (unlike electric fields)
        2. A bar magnet is equivalent to a solenoid with small currents flowing.
        3. Torque on a bar magnet kept in a magnetic field.
        4. Magnetic scalar potential.
        5. Earth’s magnetism. The earth’s magnetic North and South poles.
        6. Practical: using Dip Circle apparatus to find dip.
        7. Practical: Tangent Galvanometer
        8. Practical: Moving Coil Galvanometer
        9. Shunt
        10. Tangent law of perpendicular fields.
        11. Practical: Deflectionmagnetometer.
        12. Practical: Oscillation magnetometer.
        13. Gauss’s Law for magnetism.

        Solved problems and test questions are given at the end.
        Sample image ofplanet earth’s magnetic axis (North-South):-

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      • chapter 37 Magnetic field's properties
      • chapter 37 Magnetic field's properties

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        This course has some deep concepts on Magnetic Field , which are normally very confusing . Videos with 3D solid model images and animations help to grasp this difficult and abstract topic much more easily and quickly.
        Following topics are covered:

        1.  Magnetic Field - basics. Magnetic field 'H', and 'B'. 
        2. Magnetization 'M' - concept and equation between H, B, and M.
        3. Paramagnetism, Ferromagnetism, Diamagnetism.
        4. Magnetising Field Intensity (H) , magnetic field (B), and the difference between them.
        5. Permeability
        6. Curie’s Law / Curie temperature.
        7. Magnetic Hysterisis - concept, and graph of 'M' versus 'H' 
        8. Soft Iron and steel

        Solved problems and test questions are given at the end.

        Click here to read full Chapter
      • chapter 38 Electromagnetic induction
      • chapter 38 Electromagnetic induction

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        It is a very important subject, yet is not easy.This course is about time factor and changes in the interactingelectrical and magnetic fields. 3D Images / Animations are presented along withuser-friendly explanations, to make this course a lot more digestible.
        Following topics are covered:

        1. Faraday’s Law of electromagnetic induction.
        2. Direction of induced current.
        3. Lenz’s Law.
        4. Induced emf.
        5. Induced electric field.
        6. Eddy current.
        7. Self-induction.
        8. Solenoid :-Self-induction
        9. L-R circuit : growth an decay of current.
        10. Energy stored in an Inductor.
        11. Mutual Inductance.
        12. Induction Coil.

        Solved problems and test questions are given at the end.

        Click here to read full Chapter
      • chapter 39 AC and DC devices
      • chapter 39 AC and DC devices

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        This chapter talks about the practical devices that work on Alternating current (AC) and Direct Current (DC).

        This course shows how a moving AC waveform looks, and the rotating pointer that defines the equation for the wave. An animation of a rotating turbine wheel in a hydraulic dam as the water falls, helps to understand from where we get the AC upto our homes. Many more animations are presented to give a crystal clear grasp and confidence in the working principle of Generators, Motors, Transformers, as well as AC circuits like R, C, L, CR, LR and LCR circuits.
        Following topics are covered:

        1. AC waveform and equation.
        2. Fleming’s Left Hand Rule and Right Hand Rule – a recap.
        3. DC Motor

        4. AC Generator : induced current, induced emf.
        5. Hydraulic dam and Turbine wheel
        6. Instantaneous and RMS current.
        7. Simple AC circuits:- R, C, L , CR, LR, and LCR circuits.
        8. Choke coil.

        9. Transformer.
        10. Step-up and step-down transformers.
        11. Why power transmission is done at high voltage.

        Solved problems and test questions are given at the end.

        Click here to read full Chapter
      • chapter 40 Electromagnetic waves
      • chapter 40 Electromagnetic waves

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        This course describes light as an electromagnetic wave. This was of course a great scientific discovery, since previously it could not be imagined how light has anything to do with electricity and magnetism.
        Following topics are covered:

        1. Maxwell’s displacement current.
        2. Maxwell’s Equations :- a collection of the 4 major equations.
        3. Speed of electromagnetic wave is same as speed of light.
        4. Wave intensity (energy crossing /area/time).
        5. Radiation in atmosphere.

        Solved problems and test questions are given at the end

        Click here to read full Chapter
      • chapter 41 Electric current through gase
      • chapter 41 Electric current through gase

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        This course has images and animations to explain current flow through vacuum or gases at low pressure , such as in cathode ray tubes etc.
        Following topics are covered:
        1. Current through gases at low pressure.
        2. Cathode rays.
        3. Thomson’s experiment : to find e/m of electron.
        4. Millikan Oil-drop experiment- to find ‘e’
        5. Thermionic emission.
        6. Diode valve.
        7. Half-wave rectification.
        8. Full-wave rectification.
        9. Triode valve.
        10. Triode as amplifier.

        Solved problems and test questions are given at the end.

        Click here to read full Chapter
      • chapter 42 Photoelectric effect
      • chapter 42 Photoelectric effect

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        This course has images and animations to explain the photoelectric effect, which can only be explained by particle nature of light. This keeps the debate going , on light being both a particle and a wave at the same time, depending on the situation.
        Following topics are covered:
        1. Photoelectric effect.:- threshold wavelength.
        2. Practical: Experiment to study photoelectric effect. Stopping potential.
        3. Why wave theory is not able to explain photoelectric effect.
        4. Electrons too behave both as particle and wave.

        Solved problems and test questions are given at the end.

        Click here to read full Chapter
      • chapter 43 Models of the Atom
      • chapter 43 Models of the Atom

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        This course has images and animations to explain the various theories given by scientists about how things look like, inside atoms. An animation is included to show the hydrogen atom, the simplest one. 

        Following topics are covered:
        1. Rutherford model.:- positives and drawbacks.
        2. Hydrogen spectra: sharply defined wavelengths were found.
        3. Bohr’s model.
        4. Allowed energies and orbits of hydrogen atom.
        5. Ground state and excited state, ionization potential.
        6. Limitation of Bohr’s model.
        7. Electron as a wave and a particle both.
        8. Quantum states.
        9. Laser.
        10. Laser applications.

        Click here to read full Chapter
      • chapter 44 X-rays
      • chapter 44 X-rays

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        This course has images / animations to explain X-rays.
        Following topics are covered:
        1. What is an X-Ray, how is it produced:- a description of X-Ray tube. A look at X-Rays as Electromagnetic radiationas well as a photon particle.

        2. Why do we say "characteristic X-Rays" ? which character?

        3. What is meant by Braking Radiation or Brehmsstralung radiation

        4. Cut-off wavelengths, and graph of Energy versus wavelength.

        5. Soft and Hard X-rays.
        6. How can we place X-Rays in the overall spectrum of all radiations?

        7. Uses of X-rays.


        Solved problems are given at the end.

        Click here to read full Chapter
      • chapter 45 Semiconductors
      • chapter 45 Semiconductors

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        This course has images / animations to explain semiconductors principle and devices.
        Following topics are covered:
        1. Conductor versus semi-conductor
        2. Energy bands in solids.
        3. Semiconductor: conduction band and valence band.
        4. p-type and n-type semiconductors.
        5. Effect of temperature on conductivity.
        6. p-n junction
        7. p-n junction diode, LED, zener diode.
        8. p-n junction acting as Rectifier.
        9. Transistor:- n-p-n.
        10. Transistor as amplifier.
        11. Logic gates.
        12. ‘AND’ and ‘OR’ gates using Diodes.
        13. ‘NOT’ gate using Transistor.
        14. ‘NAND’ and ‘NOR’ gates.


        Solved problems and test questions are given at the end.

        Click here to read full Chapter
      • chapter 46 Nucleus, radioactivity
      • chapter 46 Nucleus, radioactivity

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        This course explains nuclear forces.
        Following topics are covered:
        1. Nuclear forces.
        2. Binding energy.
        3. Radioactive decay.
        4. Law of radioactive decay. Half-life.
        5. Medical uses of nuclear radiation.
        6. Producing Nuclear energy – by fusion or fission.
        7. A Uranium Nuclear reactor.
        8. The sun- a place of Fusion .

        Solved problems and test questions are given at the end.

        Click here to read full Chapter
      • chapter 47 Relativity concept
      • chapter 47 Relativity concept

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        This course explains the greatest theories of science, discovered by Dr.Albert Einstein.
        Following topics are covered:

        1. The principle of Relativity.
        2. Maxwell’s laws and Frame of reference.
        3. Moving clocks- time dilation.
        4. Clocks synchronization.
        5. Energy and Momentum: E= mc^2
        6. Paradox.

        Solved problems and test questions are given at the end.

        Click here to read full Chapter
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